In order to
help ensure a healthy mare and foal, after delivery it is important to
be able to identify any early signs of neonatal disease. This is best
accomplished by having a routine veterinary evaluation of the newborn
foal and the mare within 8-18 hours after birth. This exam includes a
careful observation and physical examination of the mare, foal and
placenta. The mare is examined for adequate colostrum production, damage
to the reproductive tract and any early indication of internal
bleeding, colic, etc.
The foal is further
assessed for maturity, congenital defects and early sighs of neonatal
sepsis. The foal’s blood is then checked for adequate transfer of
maternal immunity. If inadequate passive transfer occurs the newborn
foal has little to no defense against infection, which often results in
death. Early detection allows oral administration of colostrum with in
an optimal window of time, less than 18 hours after birth. After that
time, IV administration of antibodies is required, costing more and
increasing the likelihood of neonatal sepsis occurring.
The earlier a problem
is identified the better the outcome, so even an apparently healthy foal
should be examined and have its blood antibody levels tested. An exam
may need to be performed earlier than 8 hours if there is a problem. The
1-2-3 rule can help you assess if your foal and mare are progressing
normally. A healthy foal should stand within 1 hour, start nursing with
in 2 hours and pass the meconium (first feces) within 3 hours. Any other
abnormalities such as poor milk production, foal rejection, excessive
bleeding from the vulva or umbilicus, depression, colic, or a history of
failure of passive transfer should be IMMEDIATELY brought to our
attention. Please do not hesitate to call our office if you have any
concerns.
REMEMBER
- Call our office immediately to schedule a foal check for 8-18 hours after foaling.
- Save the placenta (afterbirth.)
- Monitor the 1-2-3 rule.
- Call immediately if any problems arise.
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